What does the EYFS say about learning through play?

The evidence base for play-based learning is not strong or consistent, but does indicate a clear relationship between play and early learning outcomes. On average, the studies of play that measure impact found that play-based learning approaches improve learning outcomes by approximately four additional months. Positive outcomes have been identified for a range of early learning outcomes including language, early literacy, early numeracy and a range of other cognitive outcomes. Play-based approaches can have substantial benefits for children who are identified as having social, emotional, or educational difficulties. Most of the identified studies focus on guided play rather than free play or role-play approaches. While studies of free play do exist, they did not frequently look at cognitive outcomes, and often used weaker research designs.

Play, both indoors and outdoors, makes a powerful contribution to children’s wellbeing, development and learning. Children learn by leading their own play, and by taking part in play which is guided by adults. In play children can become deeply involved as they take things they already know and combine them in new ways so that their understanding deepens. Having freedom and time to play in an appropriately stimulating and resourced environment which is finely tuned for babies, toddlers and young children supports development and learning across all areas. In an enabling environment, children choose to play, and are in charge of their play – what to do, what to use, what it is about, whether to play alone or with someone else, how long to play. Playing with others, such as an interested adult who participates without directing the play or with other children, is likely to foster and extend learning. Play is essential for children’s development, building their confidence as they learn to explore, relate to others, set their own goals and solve problems. Through observing and reflecting on children’s play, adults can gain insights into the child’s purposes and how best to support them. Play, both indoors and outdoors, is also a fundamental commitment to children throughout the EYFS.