To determine whether your dog is overstimulated or bored, consider the context in which these behaviours are occurring. If your dog is exhibiting signs of overstimulation in a chaotic or unfamiliar environment, such as a busy park or during a loud thunderstorm, it's likely that they are overwhelmed by the stimuli around them. On the other hand, if your dog is displaying these behaviours when there is a lack of mental or physical stimulation, such as during long periods of inactivity or when left alone for extended periods, boredom may be the culprit. Another way to differentiate between overstimulation and boredom is to observe your dog's body language. Overstimulated dogs may appear tense and agitated, with a stiff body posture and dilated pupils. In contrast, a bored dog may have a more relaxed body posture and display behaviours such as yawning or sighing. These can include many signs that can also be indicative of boredom, so it's crucial to determine the underlying cause of these behaviours to effectively address the issue.