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What is scent marking in biology?

Jerod McCullough
Jerod McCullough
2025-07-10 09:54:50
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Pheromone or scent marking is one of the most conspicuous behaviours of many mammals. Mammals have an enormous variety of specialised scent glands but a common pattern of scent marking: glandular secretions, and often faeces and urine, are placed at conspicuous places in their home ranges or territories, often in lines along paths or boundaries. Scent marking forms a central part of many ritualised contests between territorial males or between competing groups, for example ‘stink fights’ between neighbouring groups of ring-tailed lemurs. One benefit of scent marks comes from the unique separation of signaller and signal: unlike other signals, pheromones ‘shout’ even when the animal is not there. Males tend to mark more than females, and dominant males or territory holders mark more than others.
Maymie Spencer
Maymie Spencer
2025-06-29 17:56:06
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Many animals use scent marking to advertise their territory – they urinate at strategic locations – to communicate their social status and ownership. It has been suggested that markings serves to attract females and potentially warn off competitors. Much like the peacock tail, males' scent marks appear to be a secondary sexual trait, which females evaluate to judge the quality of a potential mate. When male house mice are subordinate or sick, for example, their scent marks become less conspicuous and less attractive to female mice. Males deposited more scent marks when they perceived a competitor in their territory than otherwise and that they took special pains to mark the borders of their territory. Better markers have more offspring, males that deposited more scent marks had higher reproductive success than other males. Scent-marking is energetically costly and attracts predators, and therefore poor quality males are probably less able to afford higher marking rates.
Orlo Kovacek
Orlo Kovacek
2025-06-21 01:08:13
Count answers : 28
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Ants use scent marks, which they place on their pathways. They are thus able to find their way back to the nest and direct other colony members to a food source. Lions mark their territory by roaring and by scent marking. Males also proclaim their presence by urinating on bushes, trees, or simply on the ground, leaving a pungent scent behind. Wolves use scent marking, along with howling, marking of territory with urine and feces lets neighbouring packs know they should not intrude.