If your dog is in severe pain, do not attempt to examine him. Even if he is not in obvious discomfort, manipulating broken bones or dislocated joints can cause unnecessary pain and may worsen the injury. A simple way to determine the severity of the injury is that most dogs will not walk on a broken leg, torn ligament, or dislocated joint.
For non-emergency limps, if you notice a foreign body between the toes and can reach it easily, remove it and clean the wound with antibacterial soap. Soak the foot in warm water with Epsom salts to relieve swelling, then carefully pat dry.
Confine lame dogs and restrict their activity. If lameness persists for more than 24 hours, seek veterinary care.
The evaluation of most lame dogs is best left to a veterinarian, but here are a few pointers to help you determine if your veterinarian is needed immediately.
A good exam requires two people: one to examine the leg and one to restrain the dog.
After you identify the injured leg, try to pinpoint where it hurts. Begin your exam with the toes. Look between the toes for foreign bodies or redness. Examine the pads for cuts or punctures and assess each toenail for breaks or nail bed infections. Apply gentle pressure to each toe and note painful areas. Most dogs will pull the leg back when you touch a sore spot.
If anything looks or feels unusual, compare it to the other leg. Then call your veterinarian with your observations.