Positive punishment involves presenting an unfavorable outcome or event following an undesirable behavior. When the subject performs an unwanted action, some type of negative outcome is purposefully applied. For example, if you are training your dog to stop chewing on your favorite slippers, you may scold the animal every time you catch them gnawing on your footwear. Because the dog exhibited an unwanted behavior (chewing on your shoes), you applied an aversive outcome (giving the dog a verbal scolding). As a result of driving over the speed limit through a school zone, you get pulled over by a police officer and receive a ticket. As a result of your cell phone ringing in the middle of a class lecture, you are scolded by your teacher for not turning your phone off before class. As a result of wearing your baseball cap to class, you are reprimanded by your instructor for violating your school's dress code. The teacher reprimanding you for breaking the dress code, the officer issuing the speeding ticket, and the teacher scolding you for not turning off are examples of aversive stimuli that are meant to decrease the behavior that they follow. One of the best-known examples of positive punishment is spanking, defined as striking a child across the buttocks with an open hand.