Dogs are usually reactive if they don’t have very good social skills and feel worried by other dogs and people, or if they’ve had a bad experience in the past which frightened them. They’re telling the other dog or person to stay well away. In both cases, it’s a highly emotional state so you may find that your dog can’t listen to you or take treats while they’re trying to cope with the situation. If you reduce the opportunity for your dog to be reactive and increase their practice of alternative behaviours, it will become second nature. Teach them alternative behaviours For times when your dog is confronted by a stressful situation, teach them to sit down, sniff out some treats on the floor or turn away and walk in a different direction. The more practice your dog has, the more they will associate their triggers with positive outcomes rather than stressful ones. Have an open mind and be realistic about what your dog will be capable of. Fearful and long-term reactive dogs may never happily mix with groups of dogs – but you should be able to feel confident walking your dog calmly, without regular incidents. Training is not a straight-forward process, your dog will need time and patience to develop these new skills and habits.