If a dog approaches you follow these guidelines: Your main aim when dealing with dogs while running is to show the dog that you are not a threat. STOP running. If you run then the dog see this as a challenge or a game and will then chase you. Quickly asses the dog's body language. If it is growling and bearing its teeth, it is not happy to see you. If its head is above or lower than its body, then the dog is more likely relaxed. However if his head is in line with his body, he may be getting ready to attack. DON'T look the dog in the eyes. That will be seen as a challenge by the dog. And don't smile as the dog might interpret that as you bearing your teeth. TURN your body away from the dog. This makes you seem smaller to the dog and so less of a threat. KEEP your arms by your side. Raising them is seen as confrontational. Also don't create a fist with your hands as that is also seen as threatening. SLOWLY start moving. Very slowly back away from the dog, avoiding eye contact. Keep moving until you are out of its sight and only then can you resume running. Try not to scream. A scream will scare the dog and put it on attack alert. If a dog launches towards you in an attack, you want to try and protect your most vulnerable body areas as much as possible. The dog's main weapon is its mouth and teeth. If you have back pack, stick, rock, water bottle etc, then try and ram that between you and the dogs mouth. Clasp your hands around the back of your neck and bring your elbows across your face in order to protect you face as much as possible. If the dog bites your arm or leg do not yank your limb away as a dog has super strong jaws and he will just take a chunk out of you. Instead use your other arm to whack the dog on the back of the neck or on its snout. Don't bother whacking its skull as that is usually pretty resilient. If you are knocked to the ground, curl up into a ball as much as possible, protecting your face and neck with your arms. If you are able to, roll on top of the dog as dogs are not so good at wrestling. Aim to squash its ribs which are pretty fragile. Shout for help.